Fast installation
Use composer command to install your laravel app:
# composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel my_site
Once you have the new app, setup your apache to point to your new app with your domain (I am going to skip the Apache setting for domain here). Mostly, you will need to permission for two folders:
# chown -R www-data:www-data /my_site/storage
# chown -R www-data:www-data /my_site/boostrap/cache
(or, apache:apache for Centos system)
Laravel needs almost no other configuration out of the box. You are free to get started developing! However, you may wish to review the config/app.php file and its documentation. It contains several options such as timezone and locale that you may wish to change according to your application.